Simpson's paradox

Four data sets with the same descriptive statistics, yet very different distributions

Situation in social choice theory where collective preferences are cyclic

Logical fallacy that occurs when group characteristics are applied to individuals

Apparently paradoxical observation in the birth weights and mortality rate of smoking mother's children

Statistical bias encountered when point-based measures of spatial phenomena are aggregated into districts

Fallacy of statistical reasoning

The tendency to misinterpret statistical experiments involving conditional probabilities